{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:30:58Z","timestamp":1757705458946,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a case of a 71-year-old homosexual man who presented with a 4-day history of fever, weakness and headaches, near syncope, nausea and poor oral intake. The patient denied recent travel or sick contacts but had significant tick bites in the last 4\u2009weeks. A peripheral blood smear showed 0.5% parasitaemia with signet ring appearance organisms consistent with <jats:italic>Babesia microti.<\/jats:italic> Serology testing for HIV 1 and 2 by ELISA and western blot were positive. Treatment for <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> was started and the patient improved. Repeat serology testing for HIV was negative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of false-positive HIV serology that is associated with active babesiosis. In this case, the positive HIV serology turned negative after successful treatment of babesiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-223738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T10:15:39Z","timestamp":1528452939000},"page":"bcr-2017-223738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Babesiosis as a cause of false-positive HIV serology"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Mariola","family":"Smotrys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Lehigh Valley Health Network Pocono, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Magge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Lehigh Valley Health Network Pocono, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Alkhuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susheer Dilbagh","family":"Gandotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Lehigh Valley Health Network Pocono, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2884","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: a review","volume":"315","author":"Sanchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202018"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu P , Jackson P , Shaw N , et al . Spectrum of false positivity for the fourth generation human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic tests. AIDS Res Ther 2016;13.doi:10.1186\/s12981-015-0086-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-015-0086-3"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004351","article-title":"The evaluation of a rapid in situ HIV confirmation test in a programme with a high failure rate of the WHO HIV two-test diagnostic algorithm","volume":"4","author":"Klarkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37039","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37039","article-title":"Establishment of a novel tick-Babesia experimental infection model","volume":"6","author":"Maeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-36"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.7","first-page":"20","article-title":"False-positive serological tests in acute malaria","volume":"58","author":"Ghosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.139535"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655651"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00393-06"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03184.x","article-title":"Antigenic relationship between plasmodium falciparum and Babesia bovis: reactivity with antibodies to culture-derived soluble exoantigens","volume":"34","author":"James","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/IJTDH\/2016\/26995","article-title":"Can malaria interfere with the diagnosis of HIV infection?","volume":"18","author":"Ohanu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Trop Dis Health"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu052.984"},{"key":"2025082707351615000_2018.jun08_1.bcr-2017-223738.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.07.019","article-title":"A case of severe Babesiosis treated successfully with exchange transfusion","volume":"38","author":"Tanyel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:35:25Z","timestamp":1756305325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2017-223738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-223738","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]}}}