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This case highlights the association between the two pathologies, and the difficulties encountered in establishing a proper diagnosis in the presence of two overlapping diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-224386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1538620953000},"page":"bcr-2018-224386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sarcoidosis and HIV infection in a native Saudi man"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam A","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, King Fahad Armed Force Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama M","family":"Estaitieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, King Fahad Armed Force Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadeel A","family":"Alrabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Services, Maternity and Children\u2019s Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, East Jeddah General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.929"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in native Saudis","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.3","first-page":"215","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in the western region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Samman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.74272","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","author":"Al-Khouzaie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381094"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.114303","article-title":"Tuberculosis incidence trends in Saudi Arabia over 20 years: 1991\u20132010","volume":"8","author":"Al-Orainey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99"},{"key":"2025082704022069000_2018.oct03_1.bcr-2018-224386.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.05.002","article-title":"Leaving History Behind: CD4\/CD8 ratio as a diagnostic tool in sarcoidosis","volume":"8","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-224386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:02:29Z","timestamp":1756292549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-224386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-224386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-224386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]]}}}