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Later, we diagnosed it to be a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the anterior mediastinum. The patient had succumbed to death because of the delayed diagnosis. A simple chest X-ray could have helped to make an early diagnosis. This case is reported with the intention to bring into light the effect of delayed diagnosis of a rare disease presenting with a very common symptom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T17:19:47Z","timestamp":1545153587000},"page":"e225014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the anterior mediastinum presenting with trepopnea"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9585-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Iliyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Das","family":"Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naseem","family":"Noorunnisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801224841000_11.1.e225014.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(04)01385-3"},{"key":"2025082801224841000_11.1.e225014.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70410-2"},{"key":"2025082801224841000_11.1.e225014.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181dd4ec4"},{"key":"2025082801224841000_11.1.e225014.4","unstructured":"Travis WD , Brambilla E , Burke AP , et al . 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