{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:54:13Z","timestamp":1790610853058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroendocrinetumour (NET) of the gallbladder is an extremely rare tumour and with coexisting adenocarcinoma an even rarer occurrence. Mixed NETs have the tendency to invade the lymph nodes and the hepatic tissue from their high malignant potential, leading to poor prognosis. Survival rates of the patients with mixed NET can be improved with wide excision, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. We present a case of 62-year-old woman with history of hepatitis C infection, a risk factor for both hepatic and extrahepatic gastrointestinal malignancies. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with resection of the gallbladder and partial hepatectomy. Pathology showed high-grade larger cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 5\u00d74\u00d73\u2009cm along with two separate lesions found out to be adenocarcinomas. In our patient, hepatitis C infection can be an inciting factor for the development of these carcinomas. We will discuss the presentation, treatment modalities and outcomes with this kind of coexisting tumours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:10:21Z","timestamp":1530180621000},"page":"bcr-2018-225141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with concomitant hepatitis C infection"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarthak","family":"Soin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Presence Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibek Singh","family":"Pannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Presence Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyo Thazin","family":"Myint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Presence Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandeep Singh","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801281531000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225141.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161109700623","article-title":"Curative resection of combined neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the 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