{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:40:06Z","timestamp":1756280406946,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 54-year-old man with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with subacute onset of chest pain, shortness of breath, productive cough with haemoptysis and night sweats. There were no fever or recent weight loss reported. The chest radiograph showed right upper lobe bullae with adjacent opacification and an emphysematous lung. Due to worsening haemoptysis and persistent chest pain, CT of the chest with contrast was performed, which revealed moderate to severe emphysema and numerous blood-filled bullae. Cardiac work-up for chest pain was negative for myocardial ischaemia and for aortic dissection. Further infectious work-ups for mycobacterial and invasive fungal infection were negative. The patient was treated for acute COPD exacerbation and responded well to the antibiotics with the resolution of haemoptysis. Follow-up CT of the chest revealed the gradual resolution of the haemorrhage, while the patient remained asymptomatic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:10:42Z","timestamp":1530180642000},"page":"bcr-2018-225339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute COPD exacerbation presenting with pronounced intrabullous haemorrhage and haemoptysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Runggaldier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61377-4"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.76"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-14-151","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality following emergency admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01866.x"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S95501","article-title":"The Belgian trial with azithromycin for acute COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization: an investigator-initiated study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Vermeersch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-213144"},{"key":"2025082700105177000_2018.jun28_1.bcr-2018-225339.7","first-page":"182","article-title":"The definition of emphysema. 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