{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:21:39Z","timestamp":1768915299536,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary renal angiosarcoma is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm. Although it may occur in youth, this tumour is frequently reported in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The clinical presentation is frequently varied. Pathogenesis remains largely unknown and it has overlapping features with other tumours of the kidney. Current treatment options include variable combinations of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Reports regarding the disease prognosis and natural history are limited. In this article, we chronicle the case of a patient with primary renal angiosarcoma presenting at an advanced stage as a widely metastasised tumour. Additionally, we undertake here a brief literature review highlighting the rarity and aggressiveness of this condition, its poor prognosis, and the lack of specific management guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T00:00:30Z","timestamp":1537574430000},"page":"bcr-2018-225484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary renal angiosarcoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Hanan Tahir","family":"Lodhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7576-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Inayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.1","first-page":"3555","article-title":"Primary angiosarcoma of the kidney: case analysis and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01490.x","article-title":"Early diagnosis and straight forward surgery of an asymptomatic primary angiosarcoma of the kidney led to long-term survival","volume":"13","author":"Akkad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)70875-0","article-title":"Primary angio-endothelioma of the kidney: report of a case and brief review","volume":"47","author":"Prince","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0755-6","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic features of primary angiosarcoma of the kidney","volume":"19","author":"Omiyale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.5","first-page":"223","article-title":"Angiosarcoma of kidney: a case report and review of literature","volume":"6","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04457.x","article-title":"Primary renal angiosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Tsuda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2025082701354261000_2018.sep21_1.bcr-2018-225484.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2005.10.002","article-title":"Primary renal angiosarcoma: a rare malignancy. 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