{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:12:29Z","timestamp":1762409549879,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 69-year-old Japanese woman with a post-hysterectomy status came to our primary care clinic. She presented with vaginal bleeding for the past 3\u2009days which had developed after defecation. There was a palpable mass measuring approximately 2\u2009cm on pelvic exam; however, heavy bleeding prevented in-depth observation. CT and MRI scans revealed that the mass was inside the urethral meatus and not in the vagina. She underwent surgical resection of the urethral tumour, and the pathological report showed no malignancy. A final diagnosis of urethral caruncle was made. Vaginal bleeding is commonly encountered in the primary care practice and is usually attributed to gynaecological diseases. However, patients and physicians may falsely regard urinary or gastrointestinal tract bleeding as one involving the genital tract. We present a case wherein vaginal bleeding was initially considered but was later identified to be due to a urethral caruncle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T13:55:20Z","timestamp":1551102920000},"page":"e225540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Urinary tract bleeding from a urethral caruncle mimicking genital tract bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kento","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, Teine Family Medicine Clinic, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rika","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, Teine Family Medicine Clinic, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, Teine Family Medicine Clinic, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9322-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine, Muribushi Okinawa for Teaching Hospitals, Okinawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.1","first-page":"164","article-title":"The aetiology of postmenopausal bleeding\u2014a study of 163 consecutive cases in Singapore","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.10.015"},{"key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.3","first-page":"723","article-title":"Neoplasma and caruncles of the female urethra","volume":"110","author":"Marshall","year":"1960","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1159\/000282372","article-title":"Urethral tuberculosis","volume":"48","author":"Indudhara","year":"1992","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1232","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma presenting as a urethral caruncle","volume":"50","author":"Khatib","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2025082703284924000_12.2.e225540.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599309180428","article-title":"Primary malignant melanoma mimicking urethral caruncle. 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