{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:05:42Z","timestamp":1756339542307,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Caroli\u2019s disease is a rare congenital disorder with incidence rate of approximately 1 in 1 000 000 population. Renal anomalies which may be associated with Caroli\u2019s disease include medullary sponge kidney (MSK), cortical cysts, adult recessive polycystic kidney disease and rarely autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Exact incidence of MSK in patients of Caroli\u2019s disease is not known. There are only a handful of reported cases of this association in literature. We hereby report a case of Caroli\u2019s disease with MSK with nephrocalcinosis. He presented to primary health centre with symptoms of urethral stricture due to lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and was managed with repeated co-axial dilatation but was never evaluated for underlying chronic renal insufficiency due to MSK. The thorough clinical examination and proper evaluation is important in patient of urethral stricture with underlying chronic renal insufficiency to avoid delayed diagnosis, management and related complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-226746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T17:19:47Z","timestamp":1545153587000},"page":"bcr-2018-226746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Medullary sponge kidney and Caroli\u2019s disease in a patient with stricture urethra: look for the hidden in presence of the apparent"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rahul Janak","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishwajeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.1","first-page":"488","article-title":"Congenital polycystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; attempt at classification","volume":"34","author":"Caroli","year":"1958","journal-title":"Sem Hop"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199802000-00001","article-title":"Caroli\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1471-6","article-title":"Caroli\u2019s disease: magnetic resonance imaging features","volume":"12","author":"Guy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.4.1791053","article-title":"Caroli\u2019s disease: radiologic spectrum with pathologic correlation","volume":"179","author":"Levy","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(00)00215-1","article-title":"Caroli\u2019s disease diagnosed in a child by MRCP","volume":"24","author":"Hussain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02825490","volume":"73","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.7","first-page":"848","article-title":"Caroli\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Karim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(74)80179-4","article-title":"Caroli\u201fs disease associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis and renal tubular ectasia","volume":"66","author":"Mall","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.9","first-page":"1139","volume-title":"Paediatric Kidney Disease","volume":"2","author":"Bernstein","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12330","article-title":"Clinical classification of Caroli\u2019s disease: an analysis of 30 patients","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.11","first-page":"151","article-title":"Medullary sponge kidney","volume":"4","author":"Kuiper","year":"1976","journal-title":"Perspect Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yendt ER . Medullary sponge kidney. In: Gardner KD , Bernstein J , eds. The cystic kidney. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990:379.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0457-6_15"},{"key":"2025082710210382000_11.1.bcr-2018-226746.13","unstructured":"Wein AJ , Kavoussi LR , Novick AC , et al . Campbell\u2013Walsh urology. 9th edn. 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