{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:44:16Z","timestamp":1776689056512,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is the most serious type of psoriasis with high morbidity and mortality. First-line recommended therapies for EP, cyclosporine and infliximab have significant adverse effects. Cyclosporine increases the risk of hypertension, leucopenia, infections and renal failure. Infliximab increases the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis, hepatitis B and histoplasmosis, and increases risk for hepatitis, autoantibody formation, congestive heart failure, demyelinating disorders, pancytopenia, lymphoma and skin cancer. An effective drug with a much safer side effect profile will be of significant benefit in EP. The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast is U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Adverse effects of apremilast reported are headache, nausea, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, potential for depression and weight loss. We report complete and long-standing resolution of EP with first-line apremilast monotherapy. Apremilast may be an effective option with comparatively minor side effects for EP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-226959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T05:42:58Z","timestamp":1548999778000},"page":"e226959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Complete resolution of erythrodermic psoriasis with first-line apremilast monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Geetha","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary\/Critical Care, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70287-5"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Erythrodermic psoriasis: pathophysiology and current treatment perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psoriasis"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.048"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6599","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2016.6599","article-title":"Erythrodermic psoriasis treated with apremilast","volume":"8","author":"Arcilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Reports"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3315\/jdcr.2017.1246","article-title":"Rapid clearance of erythrodermic psoriasis with apremilast","volume":"11","author":"Papadavid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.07.007","article-title":"Generalized pustular psoriasis treated with apremilast in a patient with multiple medical comorbidities","volume":"3","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0439-1"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(66)90344-9","article-title":"Cardiac output in erythrodermic skin disease","volume":"72","author":"Voigt","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00408.x","article-title":"Quantitative estimation and recommendations for supplementation of protein lost through scaling in exfoliative dermatitis","volume":"38","author":"Kanthraj","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90078-X"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-015-0119-4","article-title":"Erythrodermic psoriasis: current and future role of biologicals","volume":"29","author":"Stinco","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.01.001"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/906349","article-title":"The Pharmacodynamic Impact of Apremilast, an Oral Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Substudy Results from a Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (PALACE 1)","volume":"2015","author":"Schafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2025082804101993000_12.1.e226959.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000247289","article-title":"Management of erythrodermic psoriasis with low-dose cyclosporin. 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