{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:49:27Z","timestamp":1790686167868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosisis a zoonosis caused by spirochaetes from the species <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>. The more severe form of leptospirosis, known as Weil\u2019s disease, is characterised by the triad of jaundice, renal impairment and haemorrhages. Pulmonary involvement occurs in 20%\u201370% of the patients, with severity ranging from non-productive cough to respiratory failure mainly due to pulmonary haemorrhage. Recognition of Weil\u2019s disease in patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms can be difficult. This case illustrates a classic case of pulmonary haemorrhagic involvement in Weil\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T12:55:15Z","timestamp":1580302515000},"page":"e227570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pulmonary haemorrhage in Weil\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Boertjes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Sint Franciscus Vlietland Groep, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Hillebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Sint Franciscus Vlietland Groep, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneke Elisabeth","family":"Bins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Sint Franciscus Vlietland Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurien","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Sint Franciscus Vlietland Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201860023","article-title":"Pathology and pathogenesis of human leptospirosis: a commented review","volume":"60","author":"De Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60024-0","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"383","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1047825","article-title":"Diagnosis of hantavirus infection in humans","volume":"13","author":"Mattar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60572-9","article-title":"Dengue","volume":"385","author":"Guzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.01.008"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.8","unstructured":"Kumar SS . Muruganathan A , Indian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Human Leptospirosis. India: Medicine Update, 2013:23\u20139."},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007205","article-title":"A simple score to predict severe leptospirosis","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(01)00010-7"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071743","article-title":"Human hemorrhagic pulmonary leptospirosis: pathological findings and pathophysiological correlations","volume":"8","author":"De Brito","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000400017","article-title":"Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical featuresof the severe pulmonary form of leptospirosis","volume":"35","author":"Silva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702007000100029"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1220-7","article-title":"Severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome in leptospirosis in a returning traveller","volume":"47","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071064"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200009000-00009"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.19","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Pulmonary radiographic findings in 118 leptospirosis patients","volume":"36","author":"Tanomkiat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.102822"},{"key":"2025082707573082000_13.1.e227570.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001991","article-title":"Risk factors and predictors of severe leptospirosis in New Caledonia","volume":"7","author":"Tubiana","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:57:41Z","timestamp":1756306661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-227570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227570","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}