{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:13:39Z","timestamp":1764494019651,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome caused by excessive immune activation. Secondary HLH has been described in autoimmune diseases. We detail the case of a 28-year-old African American woman who developed HLH in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus with collapsing lupus podocytopathy superimposed on mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis class II. Genotyping for APOL1 risk alleles revealed the presence of double (G1\/G2) risk alleles. Our patient achieved a complete renal recovery and resolution of HLH within 1\u2009month of treatment with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil, highlighting the importance of prompt, aggressive therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T12:55:34Z","timestamp":1547470534000},"page":"bcr-2018-227860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with collapsing lupus podocytopathy as an unusual manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus with APOL1 double-risk alleles"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bhavin","family":"Chokshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivette","family":"D\u2019Agati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Bizzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Jim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38690","article-title":"Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Fardet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx029","article-title":"Collapsing glomerulopathy: a 30-year perspective and single, large center experience","volume":"10","author":"Nicholas Cossey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012121180"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.04.008"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000352"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v1.i2.35","article-title":"Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: current concepts","volume":"1","author":"Mubarak","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008070795"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010090970"},{"key":"2025082702042699000_12.1.bcr-2018-227860.11","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Haemophagocytic syndrome in rheumatic patients. 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