{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T10:10:11Z","timestamp":1756289411973,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membranous oxygenation in the newborn is commonly seen secondary to severe pathology such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia. However, atypical causes of respiratory failure, such as pulmonary arterial thrombi, are often refractory to traditional management and require careful multidisciplinary evaluation. We report a case of respiratory failure secondary to congenital pulmonary arterial thrombosis of unknown aetiology in an otherwise healthy neonate. We discuss the abnormal anatomy and pathophysiology that presented in our patient secondary to this condition and discuss our diagnostic process, management and outcomes. Additionally, we review the literature for reported cases and discuss current hypotheses on the development of congenital pulmonary arterial thrombi. Given the rare occurrence of this event, we hope to contribute to the understanding of future similar cases and emphasise the importance of keeping pulmonary arterial thrombi in the clinical differential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T09:21:46Z","timestamp":1562232106000},"page":"e227925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Respiratory failure secondary to congenital pulmonary arterial thrombus with lung dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3680-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namrita J","family":"Odackal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Hainstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke D","family":"Vergales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9122-y","article-title":"Neonatal left pulmonary artery occlusion and postinfarction cysts of the left lung: cause and effect?","volume":"29","author":"Lytrivi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(03)00042-0"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100009240","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in a neonate with homozygous deficiency of antithrombin III: successful outcome following pulmonary thrombectomy and infusions of antithrombin III concentrate","volume":"10","author":"Roman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.93710","article-title":"Neonatal pulmonary artery thrombosis","volume":"5","author":"Jadhav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.091850"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-284","article-title":"A neonate with left pulmonary artery thrombosis and left lung hypoplasia: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Elhassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199021000-00019"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/314256","article-title":"Left pulmonary artery thrombosis in a neonate with left lung hypoplasia","volume":"2012","author":"van Schendel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5152\/tpa.2015.869","article-title":"A case of neonatal arterial thrombosis mimicking interrupted aortic arch","volume":"50","author":"G\u00fcrsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12332","article-title":"Fetal pulmonary thrombosis","volume":"41","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2004.08.013","article-title":"Neonatal pulmonary artery thrombosis: echocardiographic characteristics and possible contributing factors","volume":"18","author":"Goble","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-008-9349-2"},{"key":"2025082702511822000_12.7.e227925.13","first-page":"233","article-title":"Title page. 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