{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:51:35Z","timestamp":1758477095274,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Central venous catheterisation is routinely performed in paediatric patients to facilitate therapeutic management when long-term vascular access is needed. Misplacement of the catheter tip in thoracic vessels other than the superior vena cava has been described, along with related complications. Hereby, a case of a 15-month-old child is presented with a fully functional Hickman catheter introduced via the left internal jugular vein. The tip of the catheter was misplaced into the azygos vein. Intraoperative spot fluoroscopic images and anatomical explanations for the course of the catheter are presented. An understanding of the aetiology of the radiological appearance may help to increase recognition of such cases and avoid complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T04:22:48Z","timestamp":1547785368000},"page":"bcr-2018-227930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Azygos vein cannulation after catheterisation of the left internal jugular vein in a toddler"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kampouroglou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Geniko Nosokomeio Paidon Agia Sofia, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Noutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Geniko Nosokomeio Paidon Agia Sofia, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Skandalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Mirilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199701000-00010","article-title":"Azygos arch cannulation by central venous catheters: radiographic detection of malposition and subsequent complications","volume":"12","author":"Bankier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.06.041","article-title":"Imaging teaching case. Radiographic features of malpositioning of a hemodialysis catheter in the azygos vein","volume":"55","author":"Pua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2012.00758.x","article-title":"Recognizing misplacement of a dialysis catheter in the azygos vein","volume":"17","author":"Calvi\u00f1o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.08.007"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.5","first-page":"152","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula malposition in the azygos vein in a neonate with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2017.10.007","article-title":"Conversion to central cannulation following azygous vein cannulation in right congenital diaphragmatic hernia","volume":"29","author":"Nosavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e31821d3f56","article-title":"Accidental azygos vein extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation in a neonate with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus","volume":"57","author":"Byrnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASAIO Journal"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000225","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula malposition in the azygos vein in an infant","volume":"36","author":"Balmaks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2017.05.013","article-title":"Azygos vein erosion: a potential complication of central venous access","volume":"24","author":"Mysona","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082722300207000_12.1.bcr-2018-227930.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4681"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227930","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:30:12Z","timestamp":1756359012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227930"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-227930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227930","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}