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We discuss the pathophysiology of histoplasmosis and highlight the importance of exposure history in patients with acute respiratory failure and why patients with the occupational risk of exposure to fungal inoculum should wear protective respirator gear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T05:17:46Z","timestamp":1553145466000},"page":"e227994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disseminated pulmonary histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a common epidemiological exposure"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirza","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge L","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine - Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2203.151117"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx120","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characterization of histoplasmosis cases in a nonendemic area, Connecticut, United States","volume":"56","author":"Azar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.3","unstructured":"Carol A , Kauffman M . Pathogenesis and clinical features of pulmonary histoplasmosis. 2017. UpToDate."},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.009"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30306-7"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir435"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.7","unstructured":"Carol A , Kauffman M . Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-uninfected patients. UpToDate 2016."},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02430-16"},{"key":"2025082708080548000_12.3.e227994.9","unstructured":"Lenhart SW , Schaffer SP , Singal M , et al . Histoplasmosis: protecting workers at risk\u00a0department of health and human services, centers for disease control and prevention, national institute for occupational safety and health. 2004 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2005-109\/pdfs\/2005-109.pdf"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:08:15Z","timestamp":1756307295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-227994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}}}