{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:53:40Z","timestamp":1780419220447,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vernet syndrome, often referred to as jugular foramen syndrome, is a rare clinical entity characterised by a set of signs and symptoms caused by dysfunction of IX, X and XI cranial nerves. Although paraganglioma of the head and neck is the most frequent aetiology, it may also be caused by meningioma, VIII cranial nerve schwannoma, pontocerebellar cistern metastases, head and neck trauma, infections and very rarely by cholesteatoma which extends to the petrous apex. The authors describe a case of a patient with a jugulotympanic paraganglioma in which evolution ends up in Vernet syndrome. The patient preferred a \u2018wait and scan\u2019 strategy. With the lack of data available to develop an unequivocal algorithm for paraganglioma management, we always consider not only age but also comorbidities, prior treatment and progression of the lesion. Each case has to be addressed individually and treatment should be discussed in detail with every patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-228039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T06:55:17Z","timestamp":1557557717000},"page":"e228039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vernet syndrome: intracranial extension of a slow-growing mass"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Peneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Cond\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.1","first-page":"bcr0220125761","article-title":"An unusual cause of hoarseness","volume":"2012","author":"Ammar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Child Meml Hosp Chic"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.17.5.9308106","article-title":"The jugular foramen: a review of anatomy, masses, and imaging characteristics","volume":"17","author":"Caldemeyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.3","first-page":"505","article-title":"Jugular foramen syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Robbins","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215805"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.5","unstructured":"V M . Paralysies laryngees associees. Paris Medical 1917:152\u201370."},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198401000-00029","article-title":"Jugular foramen syndrome as a complication of metastatic cancer of the prostate","volume":"77","author":"Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.008","article-title":"Vernet\u2019s Syndrome Associated with Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0622-8","article-title":"Vernet syndrome resulting from varicella zoster virus infection-a very rare clinical presentation of a common viral infection","volume":"24","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815627667"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70351-0"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814555839"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000338418","article-title":"Surgical management of tympanojugular paragangliomas with intradural extension, with a proposed revision of the Fisch classification","volume":"17","author":"Sivalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000330724","article-title":"Vertebral artery involvement by tympanojugular paragangliomas: management and outcomes with a proposed addition to the fisch classification","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"2025082802500812000_12.5.e228039.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000386"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:50:14Z","timestamp":1756374614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-228039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}