{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:24:55Z","timestamp":1780385095953,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryofibrinogenaemia is a rare haematological disorder characterised by cold temperature-induced precipitation of plasma proteins causing small-vessel occlusive vascular disorder with a hallmark of skin ulceration. It remains an underdiagnosed entity because of a lack of diagnostic criteria. Cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis is a small-vessel vasculitis involving the skin, the joints, the peripheral nerve system and the kidneys. Its association with cryofibrinogenaemia causes more severe phenotype with poor prognosis. We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with cold-induced extensive bilateral foot gangrene due to coexisting cryofibrinogenaemia and cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis that required bilateral amputation and rituximab perfusions as maintenance therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-228266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T05:56:14Z","timestamp":1559022974000},"page":"e228266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rare cause of bilateral foot gangrene: coexisting essential cryofibrogenaemia and cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nabil","family":"Belfeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, Melun, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarra","family":"Abroug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, Melun, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Strazzulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, Melun, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Diamantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, Melun, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V10.9.945.945","article-title":"Cryofibrinogen in a case of lung neoplasm associated with thrombophlebitis migrans","volume":"10","author":"Korst","year":"1955","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.04.001","article-title":"Clinical disorders responsible for plasma hyperviscosity and skin complications","volume":"42","author":"Caimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01210.x"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.03.040"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6311","article-title":"Cryofibrinogenemia associated with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a case of successful treatment with high-dose corticosteroid","volume":"46","author":"Yoshida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e318289e06e"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.03.009"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.8","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Cryofibrinogenaemia-a neglected disease","volume":"56","author":"Moiseev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025082713163049000_12.5.e228266.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mena-V\u00e1zquez N , Cabezudo-Garc\u00eda P , Fuego Varela C , et al . 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