{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:10:03Z","timestamp":1756307403160,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 51-year-old, otherwise well woman, presented with progressive severe dyspnoea. CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) demonstrated a large filling defect within the right main pulmonary artery with evidence of right heart strain. She was anticoagulated and discharged home; however, was readmitted with progression of symptoms and hypotension within 1\u2009month. Repeat CTPA demonstrated progression of the filling defect. Formal surgical thrombectomy was performed with removal of an unusual cream-coloured, rubber-like material. Histological analysis revealed intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL). IVL is a rare benign neoplasm, characterised by smooth muscle cell proliferation in vascular structures that can act aggressively. This case describes the workup, recognition and management of IVL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-228267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1553145335000},"page":"e228267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intravenous leiomyomatosis manifesting as saddle embolism"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5367-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra N","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Salati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Lawler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v4.i1.25","article-title":"Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: Imaging characteristics and literature review","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.2","first-page":"642","article-title":"[Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a case report]","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v10i5.2221","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis disguised as a large deep vein thrombosis","volume":"10","author":"Gunderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt117"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5090\/kjtcs.2011.44.3.243"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.6","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Postmenopausal intravenous leiomyomatosis with high levels of estradiol and estrogen receptor","volume":"100","author":"Kokawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e3181656dab","article-title":"Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma associated with intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: clinical behavior and genomic changes supporting a transportation theory","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-008-9379-5"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2112-9","article-title":"Computerized tomography angiography in preoperative assessment of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to inferior vena cava and heart","volume":"16","author":"Gui","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025082707470321000_12.3.e228267.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826ebb90","article-title":"Management of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracaval and intracardiac extension","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T14:47:11Z","timestamp":1756306031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2018-228267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-228267","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}}}