{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:12:30Z","timestamp":1773180750230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary peritonitis, a bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity that arises in the absence of an intraperitoneal source, is a rare entity in paediatrics. We describe the case of a previously healthy 11-year-old girl who presented with an acute abdomen and was found to have primary peritonitis due to <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>. She had an episode of pharyngitis with pharyngeal cultures positive for <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> in the month prior to presentation. We performed a review of the literature to better elucidate the risk factors, pathophysiology and presentation of peritonitis due to <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> and to draw attention to the potential association between group A streptococcal pharyngitis and peritonitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T12:28:18Z","timestamp":1557232098000},"page":"e229186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Group A streptococcal pharyngitis associated with primary peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor A","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Linn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil J","family":"Zitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1304-7","article-title":"Primary bacterial peritonitis in otherwise healthy children: imaging findings","volume":"35","author":"Dann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1984.02140490058014"},{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1939.02800410005002"},{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13584","article-title":"Group A streptococcal primary peritonitis in a healthy girl","volume":"53","author":"Chomton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181bdbd9f","article-title":"Group A streptococcus causing primary peritonitis in a healthy infant","volume":"28","author":"Sewrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025082702193176000_12.5.e229186.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangel S , Rice-Townsend S , Karki M , et al . 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