{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:34:52Z","timestamp":1781523292311,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kratom is a psychoactive herb that has stimulant properties at low doses and has opioid-like properties at higher doses. It has been used for centuries in southeast Asia as a stimulant but has gained increasing popularity as a substitute for opioids in western countries as it is easily available. As most cases of kratom use involve other drugs too, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stopped short of restricting kratom due to difficulty in assessing the adverse effects of kratom alone. We present the case of a young healthy 35-year-old man who suffered a cardiac arrest due to kratom use with no other coingestants. He was subsequently intubated and found to have systolic dysfunction and small brain infarcts. Fortunately, he made a successful recovery and was discharged after a stay at thebehavioural health centre. Our case highlights the potential adverse effects of kratom and the need to regulate its use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T06:24:03Z","timestamp":1563603843000},"page":"e229778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cardiac arrest in a young healthy male patient secondary to kratom ingestion: is this \u2019legal high' substance more dangerous than initially thought ?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafez Mohammad Ammar","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Lamfers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710210038000_12.7.e229778.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/968786","article-title":"Following \"the Roots\" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): the evolution of an enhancer from a traditional use to increase work and productivity in southeast asia to a recreational psychoactive drug in Western Countries","volume":"2015","author":"Cinosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025082710210038000_12.7.e229778.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanguay P . Kratom in Thailand: decriminalisation and community control? Series on legislative reform of drug policies No. 13, Transnational Institute. International Drug Policy Consortium (IPDC). 2011.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1908849"},{"key":"2025082710210038000_12.7.e229778.3","first-page":"792","article-title":"Pharmacology of kratom: an emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic and opioid-like effects","volume":"112","author":"Prozialeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"2025082710210038000_12.7.e229778.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2018.1511879","article-title":"Severity of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) 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Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency\u2019s scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse. 2019 https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/newsevents\/newsroom\/pressannouncements\/ucm595622.htm."},{"key":"2025082710210038000_12.7.e229778.11","unstructured":"Botanical Education Alliance. 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