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A review of the literature reveals all circumstances of accelerated growth of PAVM (puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, pulmonary hypertension) and suggests a novel mechanism of seizure-associated expansion. This is important because the size and rapid growth of PAVMs correlate with the potential for rupture and other ominous complications such as right to left shunt and paradoxical emboli. The new seizures\u2013PAVM progression association mandates recognition since the risk of seizures in patients with PAVM is substantial. Our observations strongly suggest the need to monitor PAVM in patients with or without haemorrhagic telangiectasis by repeated imaging after generalised seizures to evaluate potential expansion and risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T13:05:13Z","timestamp":1565442313000},"page":"e229886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expansion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after grand mal seizures and other circumstances of PAVM growth"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ami","family":"Schattner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Dubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9711041"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7305"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.8.714"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1254CI"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.069013"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31802f8da1"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.12.07","article-title":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: clinical aspects","volume":"8","author":"Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00104309"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70851-5"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000126811.05229.B6"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.11","first-page":"460","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"49","author":"Dines","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025082712041261000_12.8.e229886.12","first-page":"177","article-title":"Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. 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