{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:40:02Z","timestamp":1756374002505,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryoglobulins are abnormal serum immunoglobulins that tend to precipitate in intravascular compartments at temperatures lower than 37\u00b0C causing blood flow restriction to vital organs. They are divided into type I, II and III based on the immunoglobulin subtypes of the cryoprecipitates. Type II cryoglobulinemia is most commonly associated with viral infections, autoimmune diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we reported an 80-year-old man who presented with fatigue, acute kidney injury, palpable purpura, anaemia and altered mental status. He was diagnosed with type II cryoglobulinemia with concomitant positive autoimmune markers, varicella IgM antibody and IgM hepatitis B core antibody. The patient responded well to intravenous and oral steroid treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T10:45:18Z","timestamp":1574937918000},"page":"e230492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Positive acute viral infection markers, autoimmune disease and type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a rare concurrence"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kehua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Health System Internal Medicine Training Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shumaila Muhammad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Health System Internal Medicine Training Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and 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