{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:20:25Z","timestamp":1761294025292,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare, rapidly growing, highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, originating from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that retain their ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle. It mainly affects children, accounts for &lt;1% of all adult malignancies and has varied clinical presentations. The head and neck region accounts for 35%\u201340% of all RMS cases, of which 10%\u201312% cases involve the oral cavity. This report deals with a case of RMS in a 40-year-old woman, primarily involving maxillary gingiva for which she underwent excision with subsequent recurrences. The uniqueness of this case is that it reminds us of the essential clinical dictum that \u2018every growth we encounter, no matter how benign it appears clinically, should be looked upon with suspicion\u2019. Hence, proper integration of history, clinical examination and investigation is required to reach a correct diagnosis enabling early treatment, thereby preventing functional and aesthetic loss and psychological trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T05:14:24Z","timestamp":1574831664000},"page":"e230692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rhabdomyosarcoma involving maxilla mimicking gingival enlargement: A diagnostic challenge"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Richa","family":"Nangalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmud Abdul","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mousumi","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Gurunanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.190959","article-title":"Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: a rare oral tumor","volume":"20","author":"Datta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.86707","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma of mandible: a diagnostic predicament","volume":"15","author":"Arya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.127347","article-title":"Oral rhabdomyosarcoma-embryonal subtype in an adult: a rarity","volume":"5","author":"Arul","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.4","first-page":"39","article-title":"Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of oral cavity: a rare case report and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Sujatha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Stomatol"},{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.5","first-page":"153","article-title":"Gingival rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult: a unique entity","volume":"31","author":"Sahni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk Patoloji Derg"},{"key":"2025082708311089000_12.11.e230692.6","first-page":"98","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children","volume":"19","author":"Radzikowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Oncol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananthaneni A , Kuberappa PH , Srinivas GV , et al . 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