{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:03:34Z","timestamp":1787162614885,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Quite a few lesions of the oral cavity specifically of the gingiva have a greater inclination towards women and mostly occur during the first four decades of life, the cause of which may be credited to the changing levels of sex hormones. Out of all such lesions, one lesion whose aetiology is still unclear and which originats from the periosteum or periodontal ligament is central giant cell granuloma. Repeatedly, it is has been described as a reactive lesion, the cause of which may be secondary to local irritants or trauma, specifically plaque or calculus, which is not considered to be a true neoplasm. Here we present a case of a 51-year-old female patient with aggressive gingival growth within 10\u201313 months of hormonal replacement therapy. The aetiology, histological features and appropriate treatment are discussed in the light of current literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T07:16:38Z","timestamp":1565766998000},"page":"e230847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aggressive type of central giant cell granuloma in a woman on hormone replacement therapy: a histopathological insight"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meetkamal","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Sirmour, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-2305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karandeep Singh","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ambala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.1","unstructured":"Wood NK , Goaz PW . 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A report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Chaparro-Avenda\u00f1o","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.8","first-page":"638","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma of maxilla in a patient with aggressive periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Cayci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.9","first-page":"417","article-title":"[Clinicopathologic analysis of 154 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet]","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880915)62:6<1139::AID-CNCR2820620617>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1985.tb00527.x","article-title":"Growth behavior and lineage of isolated and cultured cells derived from giant cell granuloma of the mandible","volume":"14","author":"el-Mofty","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0754.143501","article-title":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a comprehensive review of an ambiguous lesion","volume":"6","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Clin Dent Res Organ"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.13","first-page":"363","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy study regarding myofibroblasts in fibroinflammatory epulis and giant cell peripheral granuloma","volume":"50","author":"Filioreanu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.14","first-page":"429","article-title":"Relationship between circulating levels of sex hormones and peripheral giant cell granuloma","volume":"46","author":"Shirani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"2025082801200650000_12.8.e230847.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.40.57","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the peripheral giant cell granulomas of the oral cavity","volume":"40","author":"G\u00fcnhan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-230847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:20:13Z","timestamp":1756369213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-230847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2019-230847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-230847","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}