{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:40:01Z","timestamp":1756366801981,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel oncological medications, current classes of which include monoclonal antibodies that target inhibitory receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 protein (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1. While they are novel in their ability to treat cancer, they also have a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events. Renal-related immune adverse events, though rare, are an increasingly recognised clinical entity. We present the case of a 67-year-old man with acute kidney injury (AKI) after the second cycle of combination anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. He presented with vomiting and diarrhoea, and AKI secondary to dehydration was treated with aggressive rehydration. After failing to recover biochemically, a renal biopsy was performed, which demonstrated severe acute interstitial nephritis. The culprit medications were held and he was treated with steroids. With immunosuppression, creatinine improved to pretreatment values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T12:35:58Z","timestamp":1572006958000},"page":"e231211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Acute kidney injury from immune checkpoint inhibitor use"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lexis","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pouneh","family":"Dokouhaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer Centre, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-4821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhanu","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082800072990000_12.10.e231211.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.1.158","article-title":"Randomized phase III study of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant 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