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The challenge comes in knowing how to approach this cancer clinically, since information about its staging and treatment is limited. In this report, we present a case of an 84-year-old postmenopausal woman in whom a suspicious vaginal lesion was discovered incidentally during a procedure. Wide local excision was carried out at a later date and histopathology confirmed a malignant melanoma of the vagina contained locally with no radiological finding of distant metastases. No additional treatment was given, and three monthly follow-ups were arranged for this patient. We review the literature and briefly discuss the epidemiology, treatment approaches, prognostic factors and expected outcomes of this rare disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T12:55:15Z","timestamp":1580302515000},"page":"e232200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Jamaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zach","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Stagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Flinders Cancer Clinic, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e3182a1ced8"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2004.04.024"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2013.24.4.330","article-title":"Clinical outcome of 31 patients with primary malignant melanoma of the vagina","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.5","first-page":"739","article-title":"Primary mucosal melanomas: a comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Mihajlovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00880.x"},{"key":"2025082723532373000_13.1.e232200.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11036","article-title":"Primary vaginal melanoma, a rare and aggressive entity. 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