{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:12:57Z","timestamp":1793124777311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used, clinicians are more frequently encountering the side effects of these therapies. ICIs have been implicated in numerous adverse effects against healthy tissues. We present a case of a patient who developed treatment refractory checkpoint inhibitor colitis. Following colonoscopy, it was discovered that this patient had cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection. This case report highlights the importance of undertaking an appropriate assessment, including endoscopic and histologic investigation, of patients with presumed ICI colitis. Accurately diagnosing a superimposed CMV colitis changes clinical management and can improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T05:05:42Z","timestamp":1589951142000},"page":"e233519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CMV coinfection in treatment refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin B","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Funchain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian B","family":"Baggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13995","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in 2018","volume":"320","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3750","article-title":"Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed death-1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein-4 inhibitors): results of a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Bajwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.85a.18020"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.6750"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.02.003"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0434-7"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and cytomegalovirus infection: from a to Z","volume":"79","author":"Mourad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1128611","article-title":"Anti-TNF-refractory colitis after checkpoint inhibitor therapy: possible role of CMV-mediated immunopathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Lankes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000506186","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus enterocolitis in a patient with refractory immune-related colitis","volume":"14","author":"Furuta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025082711152636000_13.5.e233519.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.09.019","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with refractory checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis","volume":"86","author":"Franklin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-233519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T18:15:32Z","timestamp":1756318532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-233519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2019-233519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-233519","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}