{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:10:27Z","timestamp":1790673027094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 70-year-old man presented with acute respiratory failure, alveolar infiltrates and haemoptysis requiring supplemental oxygen. Flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage identifies diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Clinical and serological evaluations do not identify a precise aetiology and histopathology establishes the diagnosis of isolated pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis. The patient received induction therapy with high dose methylprednisolone at 1000\u2009mg\/day for 5\u2009days and weekly rituximab at 375\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> scheduled over 4\u2009weeks. Although the patient demonstrated clinical improvement after the first week, he experienced a rapid relapse requiring mechanical ventilation. His induction rituximab regimen was continued and plasma exchange was initiated. Despite these therapies, the patient\u2019s condition deteriorated and passed away. Our case adds insight to the management of this rare entity and describes the use of plasma exchange as salvage therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T05:16:26Z","timestamp":1584076586000},"page":"e233577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapidly progressive course of pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis in a 70-year-old Asian male refractory to immunosuppression and plasma exchange"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1601-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Nabila","family":"Martinez Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine - Clinical Research, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Gafoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200009000-00008"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200511-120JH"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2084"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.1.68"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31804853dc"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.3.9116994"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12738","article-title":"Biopsy-Proven pulmonary capillaritis: a retrospective study of aetiologies including an in-depth look at isolated pulmonary capillaritis","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.04.024"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00807.x"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2005.09.004"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00058.x"},{"key":"2025082701591576000_13.3.e233577.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00005","article-title":"The role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) testing in the diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis. 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