{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:43:58Z","timestamp":1778906638087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment since its inception. During an inflammatory response, activated cytotoxic T cells expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) interact with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on peripheral tissues to thwart an autoimmune reaction. Cancer cells upregulate PD-L1 expression to evade the immune system and are vulnerable to attack in the presence of PD-1 or PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. However, blockade of this pathway also contributes to the unintended side effect of autoimmune endocrinopathies. Atezolizumab, a checkpoint inhibitor against PD-L1, is associated with the rare complication of type 1 diabetes. We present a case of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-positive type 1 diabetes developing in a patient with a long-standing history of well-controlled type 2 diabetes following treatment with atezolizumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T01:57:25Z","timestamp":1593741445000},"page":"e233842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Atezolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wedad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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