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Chest radiography on admission showed cavities and consolidations bilaterally in the upper lobes. A blood examination on admission revealed highly elevated serum \u03b2-d-glucan levels. The diagnosis by bronchoscopy was pulmonary nocardiosis. With trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and imipenem\/cilastatin, the \u03b2-d-glucan levels were decreased, and chest X-ray showed improvement after 1 month. \u03b2-d-glucan is known to be a biomarker of fungal infection. It is possible that \u03b2-d-glucan levels also indicate a pulmonary infection by <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-234738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T02:15:45Z","timestamp":1595470545000},"page":"e234738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elevated serum \u03b2<b>-d-<\/b>glucan levels in cavitary pulmonary nocardiosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Yagyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Nakatsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6208"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2370-4"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.002"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.4.906"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.2.g01mr17403","article-title":"Atypical pulmonary metastases: spectrum of radiologic findings","volume":"21","author":"Seo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.25.3.375"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.09.004"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2003.1505"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc053340"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00658-06"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550500376166"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91152-9"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006"},{"key":"2025082701081646000_13.7.e234738.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis M . 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