{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:53:39Z","timestamp":1789606419537,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the first case of a healthy 24-year-old male with a 6-year history of regular cannabis use, who presented with haemoptysis after a shallow 3 m breath-hold dive. Blood investigations showed mild neutrophilia. CT thorax revealed focal ground-glass changes in the superior segment of the lower lobe. With a suspicion of pneumonia, oral antibiotics were initiated to poor effect. Through bronchoscopic visualisation and lavage, a diagnosis of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage was established. The clinical course was benign with resolution of symptoms and changes on CT thorax within 6\u2009weeks of stopping marijuana use. Since all other causes of haemoptysis were excluded, pathophysiology was attributed to cannabis-induced lung parenchymal damage, exacerbated by a shallow breath-hold dive. To ensure appropriate management, a clinician should therefore have a high index of suspicion for drug use and other factors known to cause chronic lung damage in whom other causes of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage are excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-234921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1591769118000},"page":"e234921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Haemoptysis following shallow breath-hold diving in a cannabis user"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Janice","family":"Borg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Cassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, 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