{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:36:36Z","timestamp":1784248596960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bilateral agenesis of the long head of the biceps brachial tendon (LHB) is a very rare variation of the anatomy. We report a case of an 18-year-old man with bilateral agenesis of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. We present initial findings, radiographical examinations and the follow-up of an unusual entity. Diagnosis of agenesis of the LHB can be challenging especially in cases of traumatic shoulder pain. It is not a very known entity because of its rareness. However, it could be associated with other congenital anomalies. The absence of the LHB is easily ignored in the diagnostic process. Clinical examination should be a pitfall, radiological examination is helpful to confirm the suspicion of LHB absence. MRI is often the first choice, although ultrasonography is cheaper and much easier to access and it is an excellent tool to visualise this anatomic variation with empty or shallow intertubercular groove.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-234962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T06:14:34Z","timestamp":1588745674000},"page":"e234962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Agenesis of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon: ignored variations of the anatomy and the next tendon to disappear?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Traverso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, EHC, Morges, Vaud, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Piasecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, H\u00f4pital Neuch\u00e2telois, Neuchatel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gallusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CHUV, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Farron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CHUV, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(03)00392-X","article-title":"Shoulder instability with absence of the long head of the biceps tendon","volume":"19","author":"Glueck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0688-8","article-title":"Bilateral congenital absence of the long head of the biceps tendon","volume":"38","author":"Koplas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.3","unstructured":"Stadnick ME . Pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon, Radsource MRI web clinic, 2014. Available: https:\/\/radsource.us\/pathology-of-the-long-head-of-the-biceps-tendon\/"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.10.020","article-title":"Three congenital variations in the long head of the biceps tendon: a review of pathoanatomic considerations and case reports","volume":"16","author":"Wahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.014"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.05.007"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2017.21","article-title":"Congenital absence of the long head of biceps tendon & its clinical implications: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.8","first-page":"88","article-title":"Case report: absence of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon","volume":"36","author":"Foad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000920203"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70012-X"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.08.025"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.12","article-title":"Bilateral congenital agenesis of the long head of the biceps tendon: the beginning","volume":"2016","author":"Rego Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"key":"2025082804020874000_13.5.e234962.13","unstructured":"DePalma AF . Origin and comparative anatomy of the pectoral limb. In: DePalma AF , ed. Surgery of the shoulder. 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