{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:41:54Z","timestamp":1778262114559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 59-year-old Caucasian man infected with HIV, in remission from human herpes virus-8-positive extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (EC-PEL), presented to a sexual health clinic with fever and rectal pain 10 weeks after a single episode of receptive anal sexual intercourse with another man. He was initially treated for a presumptive diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis, then for syphilis on positive serology. Rectosigmoidoscopy revealed a single ulcerated rectal mass; endoscopic biopsies confirmed the recurrence of EC-PEL. The patient received chemotherapy and went into remission. This is the first reported case of EC-PEL occurring synchronously with early syphilis, and specifically at the site of inoculation, which can be a major diagnostic challenge since both conditions may present with lymphadenopathy, mucosal involvement and constitutional symptoms. We reviewed the literature for similar cases and hypothesised that syphilis may have triggered the recurrence of this rare lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T16:36:01Z","timestamp":1604507761000},"page":"e235204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma recurring with syphilis in an HIV-infected patient"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Darakhshan","family":"Sohail Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Poliquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique m\u00e9dicale L' Agora, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis-Andr\u00e9","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Haematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S167392","article-title":"Primary effusion lymphoma: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Narkhede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3747\/co.25.4119","article-title":"Multiple remissions of extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma treated with a single cycle of liposomal doxorubicin in a patient infected with HIV","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24251"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.06.013"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60004-9"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/leu\/2401390"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02110.x"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.08.853","article-title":"Primary effusion lymphoma in solid organ transplant recipient","volume":"150","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2016.03.013","article-title":"Human Herpesvirus Type 8-associated Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Nonserous Extracavitary Variant of Primary Effusion Lymphoma in an\u00a0HIV-infected Man: A Case Report and Review\u00a0of\u00a0the Literature","volume":"16","author":"Foster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1762881","article-title":"Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of patients with primary effusion lymphoma","volume":"61","author":"Aguilar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-515882"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.08.013","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variants: an update","volume":"52","author":"Sukswai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001539","article-title":"Panniculitis-Like presentation of Extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma","volume":"42","author":"Saggini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199706000-00013"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200210000-00014"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.09.010","article-title":"Extracavitary\/solid variant of primary effusion lymphoma presenting as a gastric mass","volume":"99","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.044","article-title":"Extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma of the anorectum","volume":"6","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32411-4","article-title":"Syphilis","volume":"389","author":"Hook","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.19","unstructured":"\u2026; . PHAo C . Report on sexually transmitted infections in Canada: 2013\u20132014. centre for communicable diseases and infection control, infectious disease, 2017."},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.2.276","article-title":"Rectal syphilis mimicking rectal cancer","volume":"51","author":"Cha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-001-2021-x","article-title":"Common symptoms--different diseases: coexistence of neurosyphilis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Mantadakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182897eb0","article-title":"Secondary syphilis presenting as a generalized lymphadenopathy: clinical mimicry of malignant lymphoma","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0006-2"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000014","article-title":"Sex, lies, and gastrointestinal tract biopsies: a review of selected sexually transmitted proctocolitides","volume":"21","author":"Voltaggio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.07.016","article-title":"Extrafollicular activities: perspectives on HIV infection, germinal center-independent maturation pathways, and KSHV-mediated lymphoproliferation","volume":"26","author":"Totonchy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006967"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nador RG , Cesarman E , Chadburn A , et al . Primary effusion lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpes virus, 1996.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.2.645.bloodjournal882645"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.01.016"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.126184"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000138177.10829.5c"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0873"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a057782","article-title":"Dermal infiltrates of a lymphoma as a complication of implanted venous access catheter placement","volume":"1","author":"Routy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melenotte C , Mezouar S , M\u00e8ge J-L , et al . Bacterial infection and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 2020:1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1760786"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.2.491"},{"key":"2025082803595463000_13.11.e235204.35","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma\u2013associated herpesvirus\/human herpesvirus 8\u2013associated lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"133","author":"Oksenhendler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-235204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:00:09Z","timestamp":1756378809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-235204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-235204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-235204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}