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The patient underwent a multidisciplinary treatment approach with surgical debridement and an extended antibiotic course. Intraoperative cultures of the pectoralis muscle and bone biopsy grew pan-sensitive <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Prompt recognition and treatment are paramount to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. A review of the literature of the previous 46 cases of EO is presented for associated risk factors, the role of surgical management and antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T02:29:43Z","timestamp":1595989783000},"page":"e235764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Emphysematous osteomyelitis of the clavicle: a pleural process?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Elshikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, 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