{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:40:06Z","timestamp":1756374006118,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinomycosis is a subacute-to-chronic bacterial infection caused by gram-positive, filamentous, non-acid-fast, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It is a normal commensal bacterium found in the oral cavity and the lower reproductive tract of women. We present a case of primary actinomycosis of the breast. A postmenopausal woman, complicated by penicillin allergy, presented with a left breast lump clinically simulating malignancy. The first line of treatment for actinomycosis is penicillin. Due to a penicillin allergy, the patient was initially treated with doxycycline. However, doxycycline was discontinued due to tremors, and was replaced by clindamycin. The patient had a good clinical response with resolution of the abscess.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T12:50:29Z","timestamp":1626180629000},"page":"e235883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary mammary actinomycosis challenged with penicillin allergy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Josephine B","family":"de Leoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"Suravajjala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashmi","family":"Rafeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vani","family":"Selvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23499","article-title":"Primary actinomycosis of breast-A diagnosis on cytology","volume":"44","author":"Gosavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785790","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6099","article-title":"Clinical review actinomycosis","volume":"343","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.3","first-page":"110","article-title":"First case report of primary actinomycosis of the breast due to Actinomyces israelii from Iran","volume":"41","author":"Ghazvini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.6.1741784"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.101173"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000301599","article-title":"Primary actinomycosis of the breast presenting as a breast mass","volume":"5","author":"Salmasi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Care"},{"key":"2025082802255025000_14.7.e235883.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.03.014","article-title":"Primary Actinomycosis in the breast caused by Actinomyces neuii. 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