{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:01:41Z","timestamp":1776722501143,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is extremely rare and is often mistaken for benign or malignant lesions of the breast. They are rare even in countries which are endemic for TB, like India. The most common type of clinical presentation is a vague lump in the breast, but there are even other types of presentations which are documented. In olden days, there was a lot of dilemma and challenge in diagnosing TB of the breast, but thanks to improved pathological knowledge and the advent of investigations such as QuantiFERON-TB gold and GeneXpert, TB can be diagnosed early nowadays and treated accordingly. In this study series, we report 10 cases of TB of the breast with variable clinical presentations as fibroadenosis, breast abscess, duct ectasia and breast lump on evaluation, and the challenges encountered in establishing the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T09:45:28Z","timestamp":1607766328000},"page":"e236019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case series on variable presentations of tuberculosis of the breast"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4644-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tharun Ganapathy","family":"Chitrambalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeyakumar","family":"Sundaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep Joshua","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramyasree","family":"Paladugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.208113","article-title":"Tuberculous mastitis diagnosed on cytology - case report of a rare entity","volume":"34","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.2","first-page":"410","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the breast","volume":"62","author":"Mukerjee","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020410001692602"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688207501002"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.41918"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.6","first-page":"47","article-title":"Tuberculous mastitis: a review of seven consecutive cases","volume":"50","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Tub"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.7","unstructured":"Cooper A . Illustration of the diseases of the breast: Part I. Orme, London: Longmans, Brown & Green, 1829: 73."},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.8","first-page":"234","article-title":"Tuberculous mastitis","volume":"15","author":"Jalali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.109470","article-title":"Primary breast tuberculosis presenting as a lump: a rare modern disease","volume":"3","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"2025082706514439000_13.12.e236019.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-1-273"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T13:51:53Z","timestamp":1756302713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-236019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}