{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:59:40Z","timestamp":1778806780305,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is an invasive mould that can cause aggressive infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Though oesophageal mucormycosis is relatively rare, it remains an elusive and devastating manifestation of this disease. The management is also challenging, due to surgical morbidity and contraindications such as thrombocytopenia in immunocompromised hosts. In this report, we present the case of a 60-year-old Lebanese man with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia who developed oesophageal mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy with idarubicin\/cytarabine (7+3). The diagnosis was made when the patient developed febrile neutropenia and odynophagia. CT scan of the chest revealed a thickened oesophagus. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy, histopathology and PCR were performed, resulting in the diagnosis of <jats:italic>Rhizopus microsporus<\/jats:italic>. The patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and salvage posaconazole therapy without surgical intervention. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of the six published oesophageal mucormycosis reports from the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T17:15:22Z","timestamp":1603386922000},"page":"e236869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnosis of oesophageal mucormycosis managed with medical therapy alone"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3211-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Ringer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Pischel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5498-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan Mikheal","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12419","article-title":"Gastrointestinal mucormycosis in immunocompromised hosts","volume":"58","author":"Dioverti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0093"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01919-15"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.049","article-title":"Successful nonoperative management of gastrointestinal mucormycosis: novel therapy for invasive disease","volume":"10","author":"Mezhir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vjgien.2013.05.002","article-title":"Esophageal mucormycosis","volume":"1","author":"Boatright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Video J Encyclopedia GI Endoscop"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.7","first-page":"75","article-title":"Gastric mucormycosis with hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Raviraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.8","article-title":"Gastric mucormycosis in a renal transplant patient treated with isavuconazole monotherapy","volume":"2019","author":"Gani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Transplant"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-0991-7","article-title":"Rare complication of bronchoesophageal fistula due to pulmonary mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.10","unstructured":"Kraft F . A case report: mucormycosis in a neutropenic patient. Oncol Res Treat 2014;37."},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1342-2"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.12.004","article-title":"Safety of endoscopy in cancer patients with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia","volume":"89","author":"Abu-Sbeih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.13","first-page":"406","article-title":"Comparison of histopathological analysis, culture and polymerase chain reaction assays to detect mucormycosis in biopsy and blood specimens","volume":"5","author":"Badiee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00256-11"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152900"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030090","article-title":"Therapy of mucormycosis","volume":"4","author":"Sipsas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025082702102717000_13.10.e236869.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500212"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T09:10:34Z","timestamp":1756285834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-236869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236869","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}