{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:41:13Z","timestamp":1781851273115,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Food allergies to red meat, specifically to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), a mammalian oligosaccharide, are considered to be very rare, especially in Asia and Latin America. Most of the cases reported are characterised by symptoms of delayed urticaria or anaphylaxis after the consumption of red meat. Sensitisation to red meat has been linked to the use of cetuximab or tick bites, especially from the <jats:italic>Amblyomma americanum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ixodes spp<\/jats:italic> species. Here, we documented a case study from a Colombian male patient with symptoms of delayed urticaria and anaphylaxis with a history of tick bites in Colombia. The patient presented with IgE antibodies specific to alpha-gal, which is the most common epitope linked to red meat allergy induced by tick bites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T12:22:15Z","timestamp":1609158135000},"page":"e236923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delayed urticaria or anaphylaxis after consumption of red meat with evidence of alpha-gal sensitisation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatriz","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Service, Fundacion Santa F\u00e9 de Bogot\u00e1, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Allergology Service, Unimeq, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres F","family":"Gomez-Samper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Service, Fundacion Santa F\u00e9 de Bogot\u00e1, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Allergology Service, Unimeq, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"Pe\u00f1aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Santa F\u00e9 de Bogot\u00e1, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Otolaryngology Service, Unimeq, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.10.001","article-title":"Delayed anaphylaxis to alpha-Gal, an oligosaccharide in mammalian meat","volume":"65","author":"Commins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.02.017","article-title":"Delayed anaphylaxis to red meat masquerading as idiopathic anaphylaxis","volume":"2","author":"Tripathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1947","article-title":"The alpha-Gal story: lessons learned from connecting the dots","volume":"135","author":"Steinke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0099-z","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of \u03b1-Gal syndrome: from immediate-type to delayed immediate-type reactions to mammalian innards and meat","volume":"25","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.5","unstructured":"Wen L . Delayed anaphylaxis to red meat associated with specific IgE antibodies to galactose. synapse.koreamed.org. Available: https:\/\/www.synapse.koreamed.org\/search.php?where=aview&id=10.4168\/aair.2015.7.1.92&code=0166AAIR&vmode=FULL"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283624560","article-title":"Tick bites and red meat allergy","volume":"13","author":"Commins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2015.5.1.3"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.12.005","article-title":"Amblyomma sculptum tick saliva: \u03b1-Gal identification, antibody response and possible association with red meat allergy in Brazil","volume":"46","author":"Araujo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.503","article-title":"Tick anaphylaxis triggered by pulling out the tick","volume":"7","author":"Takayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-015-0050-8","article-title":"Mammalian meat allergy: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"24","author":"Biedermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0098-0","article-title":"The red meat allergy syndrome in Sweden","volume":"25","author":"Apostolovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.12","first-page":"11","article-title":"A. Alergia a galactose-\u03b1-1, 3-galactose","volume":"26","author":"Pita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Imunoalergologia"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2144-z","article-title":"A peculiar cause of anaphylaxis: no more STEAK? the journey to discovery of a newly recognized allergy to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose found in mammalian meat","volume":"28","author":"Wolver","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62119-9"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.032","article-title":"Diagnosis of red meat allergy with antigen-specific IgE tests in serum","volume":"140","author":"Brestoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.029"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1782745","article-title":"Diagnosis & management of alpha-gal syndrome: lessons from 2,500 patients","volume":"16","author":"Commins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0512-6"},{"key":"2025082710354637000_13.12.e236923.19","unstructured":"Faccini Mart\u00ednez A . \u201cCaracterizaci\u00f3n de especies de Rickettsia en garrapatas (ixodidae) del municipio de villeta, cundinamarca y su relaci\u00f3n con la epidemiolog\u00eda de la rickettsiosis en el mismo municipio\u201d (Bogot\u00e1, 2014). Available: https:\/\/repository.javeriana.edu.co\/bitstream\/handle\/10554\/15448\/FacciniMartinezalvaroAdolfo2014.pdf?sequence=1"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T17:35:55Z","timestamp":1756316155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-236923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236923","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}