{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:10:02Z","timestamp":1756293002361,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the case of a 69-year-old man, who presented in the UK with a short history of deteriorating vision and clinical features of bilateral atypical retinochoroiditis, after travelling to South America. Vitreous samples demonstrated <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA by PCR. Serology tests demonstrated recent acquired <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection with IgM antibodies. He responded well to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and oral steroids.This case is a reminder of the global importance of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> related eye disease, and its uncommon bilateral severe presentation in a returning traveller, where the risk factors were age and the route of infection likely to be a virulent parasite oocyst from vegetables or water rather than undercooked meat or direct contact with cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T13:03:27Z","timestamp":1611839007000},"page":"e237068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis in a returning traveller: age and route of infection as potential risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Seers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayavani","family":"Myneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia L","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8132-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ugarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00057-17","article-title":"Treatment of toxoplasmosis: historical perspective, animal models, and current clinical practice","volume":"31","author":"Dunay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34001-0"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02009-15"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00235","article-title":"Long-Term Impact of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on Human Monocytes","volume":"9","author":"Ehmen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300246X"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.9","unstructured":"Kemmeren JM , Mangen MJ-J , van Duynhoven Y . Priority setting of food borne pathogens. RIVM report 330080001\/2006. Available: https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/330080001.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2020]."},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002800"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)96004-3"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212375","article-title":"Socioeconomic vulnerability associated to Toxoplasma gondii exposure in southern Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Mareze","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try040","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: adverse reactions to treatment in a Brazilian cohort","volume":"112","author":"Guaraldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)00990-9"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.10.032"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.040"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.17","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: phenotype differences between Toxoplasma IgM positive and IgM negative patients in a large cohort","author":"Ajamil-Rodanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.01.022","article-title":"Could age and aging change the host response to systemic parasitic infections? A systematic review of preclinical evidence","volume":"104","author":"Felizardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30362-5"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01500-3"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01324-7"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.07.004"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100120054009"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.2.277"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1969.00990010483005"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002218.pub2"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020160"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002541"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2782.1"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir667"},{"key":"2025082703505642000_14.1.e237068.32","unstructured":"Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food . Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/advisory-committee-on-the-microbiological-safety-of-food [Accessed 12 May 2020]."}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T10:51:02Z","timestamp":1756291862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-237068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237068","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}