{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1781086036931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic derivative of imidazolinedione, used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA, RNA and cell wall protein synthesis. It is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive organism and for long-term suppression of infections. Nitrofurantoin-associated pulmonary injuries occur in 1% of patients, presenting with dyspnoea and dry cough, and it can mimic interstitial lung disease. We present a case of an 81-year-old woman with shortness of breath and cough 3\u2009days after initiation of nitrofurantoin. CT of the chest revealed bilateral pleural effusion and extensive pulmonary interstitial prominence, suggesting pulmonary fibrosis. According to the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score of 6, it was determined that nitrofurantoin was the probable cause, and immediate cessation of the medication showed a marked clinical improvement and resolution after 10 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T17:37:22Z","timestamp":1618421842000},"page":"e237571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acute lung toxicity by nitrofurantoin"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana","family":"Milazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Brice\u00f1o-Bierwirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Odessa, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vamsi Kiran","family":"Korrapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Midland Inpatient Medical Associates, Midland Memorial Hospital, Midland, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.1","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information . PubChem database. nitrofurantoin, CID=6604200. Available: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Nitrofurantoin [Accessed 23 May 2020]."},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.131","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin-induced acute pulmonary toxicity","volume":"4","author":"Livanios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir102"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy7030132","article-title":"Sulfonamide allergies","volume":"7","author":"Giles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pleural effusion: an uncommon manifestation of nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary injury","volume":"19","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.6","article-title":"Consider nitrofurantoin as a cause of lung injury","volume":"6","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s40800-016-0037-5","article-title":"Unrecognized interstitial lung disease as a result of chronic nitrofurantoin use","volume":"3","author":"Rambaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Saf Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.01.007"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009299","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin related pulmonary disease: a clinical reminder","volume":"2013","author":"Reynolds","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.01.007"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vahid B , Wildemore B . Nitrofurantoin pulmonary toxicity: a brief review.The Internet Journal of pulmonary medicine, 2006. Available: www.ispub.com\/journal\/the_internet_journal_of_pulmonary_medicine\/volume_6_number_2_14\/article\/nitrofurantoin_pulmonary_toxicity_a_brief_review.html","DOI":"10.5580\/1fe5"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v64i5.1072","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary reaction involving respiratory symptoms: case report","volume":"64","author":"Kanji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2025082701214625000_14.4.e237571.13","first-page":"24","article-title":"Pulmonary reactions with nitrofurantoin","volume":"23","author":"Tatley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prescriber Update"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T08:21:57Z","timestamp":1756282917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-237571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-237571","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-790X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}