{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:01:41Z","timestamp":1788447701501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute, monophasic, polyradiculoneuropathy usually provoked by a preceding infection. The cardinal features are progressive weakness in the upper and lower limbs accompanied by loss of deep tendon reflexes. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the clinical history and examination findings, supported by typical cerebrospinal fluid and electrophysiology findings. Trauma and surgery are well understood but rare precipitants of GBS, which clinicians should be aware of, in order not to miss an opportunity to use immunomodulatory therapies. Furthermore, the presence of postsurgical or post-traumatic GBS should prompt careful assessment for underlying malignancy or autoimmune disease associated with an acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Here, we present a case of post-traumatic GBS and discuss the potential mechanisms that might underlie this, as well as the investigations and treatment that should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T10:55:29Z","timestamp":1612781729000},"page":"e238116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Post-traumatic (and postsurgical) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: a rare, but treatable entity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5740-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Grote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3933-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas Keyi","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Carswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00339-1","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"388","author":"Willison","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0317-3"},{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.02.024","article-title":"Malignancy in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a twelve-year single-center study","volume":"375","author":"Hiew","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 after surgical procedures; predisposing factors and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology Clinical Practice"},{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1220","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006246","article-title":"Surgery and risk of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Rudant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025082802402096000_14.2.e238116.6","unstructured":"IGOS - International GBS Outcome Study . 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