{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:07:22Z","timestamp":1780607242507,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A preterm female infant was admitted at birth with respiratory distress. On examination, she had an asymmetric right chest wall and ipsilateral small hand. Air entry was reduced over the right chest. A clinical diagnosis of Poland\u2019s syndrome was made based on the hypoplasia of the right pectoral muscles, absent nipple, deformed ribs and symbrachydactyly of the ipsilateral hand. Chest X-ray suggested and ultrasound confirmed eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. \u2018Subclavian artery supply disruption sequence\u2019 (SASDS) theory by Bavnick and Weaver remains the most accepted pathogenic mechanism in Poland\u2019s syndrome. This case reinforces SASDS theory associated with the genesis of Poland\u2019s syndrome that relates to the pathogenicity of vascular disruption of subclavian artery, characteristics of which are unilateral pectoral defects, symbrachydactyly and eventration of the diaphragm. At 2 months, she underwent diaphragm plication. She is under review by our multidisciplinary surgical team for reconstruction of the chest deformity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T13:11:19Z","timestamp":1611839479000},"page":"e238392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reinforcing the vascular disruption theory of the genesis of Poland\u2019s syndrome: a rare association of diaphragmatic eventration in a preterm infant with severe musculoskeletal defects"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nadira","family":"Shahrul Baharin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Awadh Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, Salmanya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quek","family":"Bin Huey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5961-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore"},{"name":"Neonatology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Deficiency of the pectoral muscles","volume":"6","author":"Poland","year":"1841","journal-title":"Guy\u2019s Hosp Rep"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02232-9","article-title":"Poland syndrome before Alfred Poland: the oldest medical description (Paris, France, 1803)","volume":"41","author":"Charlier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.3","first-page":"9","article-title":"Beobachtungeines Falles von Mangel Der Brustdruse","volume":"10","author":"Froriep","year":"1839","journal-title":"Notizen Ausdem Gebiete der Natur und Heilkinde"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.4","first-page":"335","article-title":"Poland's syndactyly","volume":"111","author":"Clarkson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.5","first-page":"407","article-title":"Un Cas de syndrome de Poland","volume":"21","author":"Baudinne","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Belgica"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2008.03.005"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.120824","article-title":"Poland syndrome a rare congenital anomaly","volume":"19","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2025082800014284000_14.1.e238392.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandran S , Revanna KG , Ari D . 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