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Biopsy of a skin nodule revealed Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma (KS), a human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-associated malignancy, whereas biopsy of the erythematous skin showed an atypical infiltrate of CD4-positive T-cells that, together with TCR gene rearrangement and presence of clonal T-cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, was consistent with a T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides (MF) subtype. Serology was negative for HIV and HTLV-I\/II and no immunodeficiency syndrome was identified. The patient was successfully treated with an oral retinoid for KS, and with topical hydrocortisone and ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy for MF. This case highlights the existence of HHV8-related lesions in native persons of Northern Canada, and also that MF-induced immunosuppression combined with immunosenescence may play a role in the development of non-HIV-related KS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1611838947000},"page":"e238644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Concurrent development of HIV-negative Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma and mycosis fungoides in an elderly Inuit from Canada"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helbies","family":"Bedier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis-Andr\u00e9","family":"Julien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0060-9","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Cesarman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569"},{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.3","first-page":"218","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma with angioimmunoblastic features","volume":"24","author":"Samuelov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233335","article-title":"Intractable pleural effusion in Kaposi sarcoma following antiretroviral therapy in a Caucasian female infected with HIV","volume":"13","author":"Tajarernmuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268"},{"key":"2025082707074207000_14.1.e238644.6","unstructured":"American Joint Committee on Cancer . 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