{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:40:25Z","timestamp":1756294825153,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II is a rare multisystem disorder resulting from the accumulation of breakdown products of glycosaminoglycans in the body tissues. Many patients with this disease undergo ENT (ear, nose and throat) surgeries such as adenotonsillectomy and tympanocentesis at a very early age, much before the diagnosis of MPS. Nasal polyposis is a rare occurrence, with only one case of MPS II with polyposis reported in the literature. We present a patient who presented with recurrent nasal polyposis from the age of 2 years. Hale\u2019s colloidal iron was used to stain these \u2018nasal polyps\u2019, which revealed that they are, in fact, mucopolysaccharide-laden sinonasal mucosa prolapsing into the nasal cavities. We believe this is the first time that this stain has been used to stain nasal polyps in MPS. In addition to the histopathological peculiarities of these nasal masses, we also discuss the natural history of nasal polyposis in MPS II.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T14:44:47Z","timestamp":1614955487000},"page":"e238778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasal Polyposis in mucopolysaccharidosis type II"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sushmitha","family":"Kabekkodu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Eduction, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suja","family":"Sreedharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Highe Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirupama","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181f6e74d"},{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.2","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): mutation \"hot spots\" in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene","volume":"59","author":"Rathmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.3.237","article-title":"Mutation analysis in 57 unrelated patients with MPS II (Hunter's disease)","volume":"79","author":"Vafiadaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e31817701e6"},{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(93)90199-D","article-title":"Sinus complications in mucopolysaccharidosis I H\/S (Hurler-Scheie syndrome)","volume":"26","author":"MacArthur","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082704053380000_14.3.e238778.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.12.004","article-title":"Awareness of mucopolysaccharidosis in an otorhinolaryngologic clinic","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics & Neonatology"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-238778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:05:39Z","timestamp":1756292739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-238778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-238778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-238778","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}