{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T17:00:32Z","timestamp":1756573232221,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This report presents the case of a mixed infection of <jats:italic>Actinomyces israelii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum,<\/jats:italic> presenting as an extensive neck mass progressing through tissue planes and causing bony destruction. Despite multiple abscess aspirates, imaging and serological investigations, the causative organisms proved elusive over the course of the patient\u2019s long admission, only to be identified postdischarge. The patient was successfully initiated on a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics and did not suffer from any complications. This report aims to raise awareness of the presentation, pathogenicity and treatment of Actinomyces and Fusobacteria infections, given a notable difficulty in diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-239043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T23:30:48Z","timestamp":1607902248000},"page":"e239043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mixed infection of <i>Actinomyces israelii<\/i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/i> presenting as a neck mass"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0993-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Patrick","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mili","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Jane","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200907-077AL","article-title":"Bacteria that masquerade as fungi: actinomycosis\/nocardia","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4640.1311"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516337"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo TA . Agents of actinomycosis. in principles and practice of infectious diseases 2864\u20132873. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00256-3"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6099"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lord FT . The etiology of actinomycosis. JAMA 1910.doi:10.1001\/jama.1910.04330150021008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1910.04330150021008"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.7","unstructured":"digital NHS . Hospital admitted patient care activity 2018-19. NHS digital, 2019."},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790031301"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00100-14"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0129-6","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum - symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium","volume":"17","author":"Brennan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540500322312"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.07.003"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01706-07"},{"key":"2025082803370829000_13.12.e239043.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/75652","article-title":"Pulmonary actinomycosis \u2013 the great imitator","volume":"25","author":"Grzywa-Celi\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-239043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:37:14Z","timestamp":1756377434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-239043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-239043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-239043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}