{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:05:54Z","timestamp":1756339554347,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 28-year-old Hispanic woman presented to the emergency department with pneumonia and bilateral pulmonary oedema, requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Additional history included type 1 diabetes mellitus, End Stage Renal Disease on haemodialysis and Hashimoto\u2019s disease. On further diagnostic evaluation, she was found to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with overlap syndrome. The goal of this case report was twofold: to share our holistic investigative processes and to explore how racial identity and experiences play a role in health disparities present in SLE. The diagnostic process was difficult because of language and socioeconomic barriers our patient experienced. Additionally, SLE in the Hispanic population has only recently been researched, limiting specifics about presentation and disease course. In the Hispanic population, SLE has increased morbidity and mortality when compared with the Caucasian population. Thus, our patient\u2019s case highlights the need for holistic practices when diagnosing patients, particularly in historically and presently marginalised identities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T13:24:07Z","timestamp":1619616247000},"page":"e240089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in a 28-year-old woman, or is it?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zainab","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayne A","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.1","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.6.424"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.2","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2011.592882"},{"unstructured":"Cdc.gov . CDC\u2013Funded Lupus Research Studies | CDC [Internet], 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lupus\/funded\/lupus-studies.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Farthritis%2Ffunded_science%2Fcurrent%2Flupus-projects.htm [Accessed cited 9 October 2020].","key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.3"},{"key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40192","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in New York County (Manhattan), New York: the Manhattan lupus surveillance program","volume":"69","author":"Izmirly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.04.001","article-title":"Impact of race and ethnicity in the course and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082710202714000_14.4.e240089.6","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000130"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T17:20:34Z","timestamp":1756315234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-240089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}