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It has been recognised that alpha-1 antitrypsin has a protective role in the kidneys which enhances the possibility of development of kidney failure, such as nephrotic syndrome, in cases of AATD. Further clinical investigation is needed to understand the relationship between the development of nephropathy, namely membranous nephropathy, and AATD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T14:50:24Z","timestamp":1614955824000},"page":"e240288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nephrotic syndrome secondary to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela F","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumonology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta EPE, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Unit, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice M","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082711433764000_14.3.e240288.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.11.006"},{"key":"2025082711433764000_14.3.e240288.2","unstructured":"Hobbs BD , Silverman E , Cho M . 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