{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T06:40:18Z","timestamp":1756276818523,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 45-year-old man presented with a history of sudden sensory neural hearing loss and severe tinnitus in his left ear. Audiological investigations revealed a profound hearing loss on his left ear and mild conductive hearing loss on his right. Tinnitus pitch and loudness were matched to a 4\u2009kHz narrow-band noise at 50dBHL and subjective tinnitus questionnaires revealed that he had a catastrophic handicap (grade IV). Traditional audiological treatment approaches (tinnitus maskers, hearing aid and sound therapy) that stimulate the cochlea to induce cortical reorganisation were futile. Hence, a top-down approach (transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)) to directly modulate the cortical centres was attempted. tDCS was provided for a sum of 15 sessions across 2 phases. There was a substantial improvement in the tinnitus loudness, distress and depression scores which maintained for 3\u2009months post-treatment. tDCS is a potential treatment for phantom perceptions (tinnitus) in cases of profound sensory neural hearing loss where there is no residual sensory ability. Tailor-made approaches seem to be more appropriate until a standard protocol for tDCS in tinnitus is established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T11:12:58Z","timestamp":1622113978000},"page":"e240300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a treatment option for tinnitus in profound hearing loss"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Harini","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari Prakash","family":"Palaniswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir Kumar","family":"Praharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Neurophysiological approach to tinnitus patients","volume":"17","author":"Jastreboff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1980.00790360050013"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198405000-00014","article-title":"Sudden hearing loss: eight years' experience and suggested prognostic table","volume":"94","author":"Byl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130508401012","article-title":"A study of prognostic factors in sudden hearing loss","volume":"84","author":"Mamak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409127304","article-title":"Assessment of prognosis in sudden deafness","volume":"114","author":"Saeki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713811408349"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8050081","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a promising treatment for major depressive disorder?","volume":"8","author":"Bennabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunoni A , Nitsche M , Loo C . Transcranial direct current stimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cham, CH: Springer International Publishing, 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33967-2"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1159\/000501227","article-title":"Application of transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatry","volume":"79","author":"Herrera-Melendez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11071091"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.10.054"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv114"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0467-3","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus: a review of clinical trials and mechanisms of action","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489417744317","article-title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with tinnitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01414.x"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6037-6"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6189-4"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07778.x"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.02.003","article-title":"The use of tDCS as a therapeutic option for tinnitus: a systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814545325"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florentine M . Loudness. Springer, 2011: 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6712-1_1"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1054","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13f08826","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for refractory auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"74","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.23","article-title":"Cathodal neuromodulation of dominant temporoparietal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation for tinnitus: a case series","volume":"20","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23276-8"},{"key":"2025082623190873000_14.5.e240300.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20161006-01","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: a brief review","volume":"46","author":"Szymkowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"}],"container-title":["BMJ Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T06:19:19Z","timestamp":1756275559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bcr-2020-240300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-790X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-790X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}