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A CT scan of the thorax showed multifocal, bilateral ground glass opacification with a wide differential diagnosis. Full autoantibody screen including myositis panel and coeliac screen were negative. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue from a transbronchial lung cryobiopsy were non-diagnostic. Tissue from a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of PAP with IPH as a second separate pathology. The association of IPH and PAP has not previously been described. We discuss these conditions and postulate how and if they may be related.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T12:20:21Z","timestamp":1617366021000},"page":"e241048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis: a dual pathology"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cormac","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra023226"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109105"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120222"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0846-y","article-title":"Prevalence and healthcare burden of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080759"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080990"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2943"},{"key":"2025082722123122000_14.4.e241048.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordier JF . 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