{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:17:03Z","timestamp":1792275423725,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Case Rep"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subglottic haemangioma presents as progressive obstruction in the neonatal and infantile airway, with a soft lesion seen during endoscopy. Diagnosis is based on macroscopic findings, biopsy is not usually performed and propranolol is first-line treatment. In contrast, ectopic thymus is a rare differential diagnosis for subglottic mass made by histopathological examination after excision or autopsy. In this article, we present a case of an infant with a subglottic lesion with endoscopic features consistent with haemangioma. After initial clinical response to propranolol, the patient represented with progressive stridor no longer responding to therapy. Open excision of the lesion was performed, and histopathology revealed ectopic thymus tissue. In this case, ectopic thymus tissue mimicked the presentation of subglottic haemangioma, and confirmation bias persisted due to an apparent initial clinical response to treatment with propranolol. In cases of subglottic mass refractory to medical treatment, excision of the lesion should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T13:41:12Z","timestamp":1621431672000},"page":"e241074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subglottic ectopic thymus mimicking airway haemangioma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevasti","family":"Konstantinidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin R","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institue of Child Health, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Frauenfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700311783000_14.5.e241074.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.11.022"},{"key":"2025082700311783000_14.5.e241074.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419863828","article-title":"Ectopic thymus: an unusual case of subglottic mass","volume":"128","author":"Paraboschi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2025082700311783000_14.5.e241074.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grahma J , Scadding G , Bull P . 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