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Histological analysis revealed a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which was positive on paired box gene 8 (PAX8) immunostaining, suggesting a diagnosis of primary thyroid SCC. She subsequently underwent total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissections followed by radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. The patient remains disease-free 22 months after treatment. Median overall survival is 10 months for macroscopically completely resected tumours. PAX8 immunostaining is a novel technique which helps with the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between primary thyroid SCC and SCC metastatic to the thyroid from extrathyroidal sites. Complete surgical resection with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may result in a favourable outcome despite conflicting reports in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T11:06:24Z","timestamp":1614596784000},"page":"e241209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland successfully treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M H","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul William","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Pothula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800113","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"98","author":"Korovin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004318203","article-title":"Squamous-Cell cysts of the thyroid with special reference to the aetiology of squamous epithelium in the human thyroid","volume":"43","author":"Goldberg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880129"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10178","article-title":"Primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: new evidence in support of follicular epithelial cell origin","volume":"27","author":"Sahoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215110002070"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05098-5","article-title":"Prognostic characteristics of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a National Cancer Database analysis","volume":"44","author":"Limberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817698436"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R177","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0045","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid: a unique type of cancer in World Health Organization classification","volume":"27","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01207.x"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23152"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ15-0226"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.3"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.02.004"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.287","article-title":"Primary squamous cell carcinomas in the thyroid gland: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930090607"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.1999.0715"},{"key":"2025082710092791000_14.3.e241209.17","first-page":"592","article-title":"Primary squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma - 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